Poliochni is found on the east coast of Lemnos, in the bay of Vroskopos. Poliochni was a settlement built between two streams, Psathia to the north and Avlaki to the south, upon a hill on a small peninsula stretching into the sea. Due to exposure to sea erosion, a large portion of the settlement has disappeared, along with its geological foundation. In 1930-1936 and 1951-1956 the Italian Archeological School of Athens excavated Poliochni to reveal the settlement whose area spans over 15 acres. According to the archeological data, the settlement first appeared in the late 4^th, early 3^rd millennium BC and then went through many architectural phases and cultural developments during that time.

Due to the favorable location of the settlement, Poliochni continued to develop, becoming one of the first cities to exist in Europe, as it held an important position in trade, importing and distributing metallurgical technology to the Aegean.